MAC Address

What is a MAC Address?

A MAC address, or Media Access Control address, is a 48- or 64-bit address associated with a network adapter. While IP addresses are associated with software, MAC addresses are linked to the hardware of network adapters. For this reason, the MAC address is sometimes called the hardware address, the burned-in address (BIA), or the physical address. MAC addresses are expressed in hexadecimal notation in the following format: 01-23-45-67-89-AB, in the case of a 48-bit address, or 01-23-45-67-89-AB-CD-EF, in the case of a 64-bit address. Colons (:) are sometimes used instead of dashes (-).

MAC addresses are often considered permanent, but in some circumstances, they can be changed. There are two types of MAC addresses:

Web Hosting

What Is Hosting?

Although the Internet and Internet protocols have been firmly established for years, many people who would like to run websites have no idea how they work or what is involved in establishing one. To put it simply, the World Wide Web is a collection of networked computers that allows users to access information and audiovisual media in the form of websites. The computers where this information and media are stored and where requests for access are processed are known as servers, and the companies that operate these servers are called Web hosts.

IP address

What is an IP address?

Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Basically An Internet Protocol address (IP Address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the IP for communication. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 127.0.0.1 could be an IP address.

Domain Name

What is a Domain Name?

A new computer users often confuse domain names with universal resource locators, or URLs, and Internet Protocol, or IP, addresses. It is worth learning the differences between them because these terms are ubiquitous. It is also helpful to be able to use terms correctly when communicating to technicians or other people within a professional organization.

Basic of Computer Network and OS

Computer Network and OS

For desktop systems, access to a LAN or the Internet has become such an expected feature that in many ways it's hard to discuss an operating system without making reference to its connections to other computers and servers. Operating system developers have made the Internet the standard method for delivering crucial operating system updates and bug fixes. Although it is possible to receive these updates via CD, it is becoming increasingly less common. In fact, some entire operating systems themselves are only available through distribution over the Internet.

Device Management in Operating System

The path between the operating system and virtually all hardware not on the computer's motherboard goes through a special program called a driver. Much of a driver's function is to be the translator between the electrical signals of the hardware subsystems and the high-level programming languages of the operating system and application programs. Drivers take data that the operating system has defined as a file and translate them into streams of bits placed in specific locations on storage devices, or a series of laser pulses in a printer.

Memory Management in Operating System

Memory Management in Operating System

When an operating system manages the computer's memory, there are two broad tasks to be accomplished:

1. Each process must have enough memory in which to execute, and it can neither run into the memory space of another process nor be run into by another process. 2. The different types of memory in the system must be used properly so that each process can run most effectively.

Process Management in Operating System

Process Management in Operating System The heart of managing the processor comes down to two related issues:

• Ensuring that each process and application receives enough of the processor's time to function properly. • Using as many processor cycles for real work as is possible.

The basic unit of software that the operating system deals with in scheduling the work done by the processor is either a process or a thread, depending on the operating system.

Booting System

Booting System

Booting (booting up) is a bootstrapping process that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot sequence is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched on that loads an operating system.

Task of Operating System

Task of Operating System

At the simplest level, an operating system does two things:

1. It manages the hardware and software resources of the system. In a desktop computer, these resources include such things as the processor, memory, disk space, etc. (On a cell phone, they include the keypad, the screen, the address book, the phone dialer, the battery and the network connection.)

Types of Operating System

Types of Operating System

Within the broad family of operating systems, there are generally four types, categorized based on the types of computers they control and the sort of applications they support.

Introduction of Operating System

Operating Systems

If you have a computer, then you have heard about operating systems. Any desktop or laptop PC that you buy normally comes pre-loaded with Windows XP. Macintosh computers come pre-loaded with OS X. Many corporate servers use the Linux or UNIX operating systems. The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer -- without the operating system, a computer is useless.